| Core Processor Unit | 8-bit RISC / Low-power Microcontroller | 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0/M4 MCU | Dual-Core ESP32 or AI NPU Edge SOC |
| Programming Logic | Direction Cards / Push-button / RFID | Visual Drag-and-Drop (Scratch 3.0) | Blockly to MicroPython & C++ Hybrid |
| Integrated Sensors | IR Optical Follower, Bump Sensor | Ultrasonic, Gyroscope, Sound, Light | Wide-Angle Camera, ToF Lidar, IMU 6-Axis |
| Wireless Protocols | Screen-free or 2.4GHz RF Beacon | BLE 5.0 (Instant Pairing) | Dual-band Wi-Fi & BLE 5.2 Mesh |
| Battery & Operating Life | 3.7V 600mAh Li-Po (2–3 hrs run-time) | 3.7V 1200mAh Li-ion (3–4 hrs run-time) | 7.4V 2200mAh Modular Pack (4–5 hrs) |
| Certifications Ready | EN 71-1/2/3, ASTM F963, CPC | CE-RED, RoHS, FCC Part 15C, REACH | CE, FCC ID, IC, UKCA, UN38.3, MSDS |
| Customization Feasibility | Enclosure Color, Card Art, Packaging | White-label App, Sound FX, Curriculum | Complete Mold Tooling, Custom API/SDK |